Federal Law Reference for Women's Rights
REPRODUCTIVE RIGHTS & HEALTH
Federal law establishes certain protections and access frameworks related to reproductive health. The following reflects the law as currently in effect at the federal level. State laws vary significantly.
Title X Family Planning Program
42 U.S.C. § 300 et seq.
Established in 1970, Title X is the only federal grant program dedicated specifically to providing individuals with comprehensive family planning and related preventive health services. Funded clinics provide contraception, STI testing and treatment, cancer screenings, and related services, with priority given to low-income individuals.
Preventive Services Coverage Under the ACA
42 U.S.C. § 300gg-13 (ACA § 2713)
Requires most private health insurance plans to cover certain preventive services without cost sharing, including contraception approved by the FDA, well-woman visits, breastfeeding support, and STI counseling. Coverage requirements are determined by the Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA).
Emergency Medical Treatment and Labor Act (EMTALA)
42 U.S.C. § 1395dd
Requires Medicare-participating hospitals with emergency departments to provide a medical screening examination and stabilizing treatment to any patient regardless of ability to pay or insurance status. The application of EMTALA to emergency reproductive and pregnancy-related care is subject to ongoing federal and state legal proceedings.
Office on Women's Health (OWH)
Established under 42 U.S.C. § 237a (within HHS)
The HHS Office on Women's Health provides federal leadership and coordination to improve the health of women and girls. Publishes federally reviewed health information on reproductive health, maternal health, and related topics.